An Analysis of the Battle of Bunker Hill free essay sample

British troops, who have been stationed in Boston since 1768 in response to ever-growing civic unrest and public protests (previously culminating in such focal junctures as the Boston Massacre in 1770 and the Boston Tea Party in 1773), served as the city’s garrison, martial police force, and bodyguard to the royal officials. The newly appointed governor of Boston, General Thomas Gage, was at the time also the incumbent commander-in-chief of British forces in all of North America and oversaw a force of 4,000 regulars garrisoned within the city . The commencing actions of this rudimentary corps under his command defined the early onset of the Revolutionary War, highlighted in particular by the Battle of Bunker Hill the significance and impact of which on the greater war itself is the answer I aim to provide in response to the research question. The backdrop to the battle was comprised by several important moves, developments, and confrontations, marking the official beginning of the conflict which would ultimately continue over the next eight years. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of the Battle of Bunker Hill or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On September 1st, 1774, General Gage ordered the seizure and removal of a provincial gunpowder magazine and the confiscation of two 12-iber field artillery pieces located near Winter Hill, a small elevation just West of Charlestown. The incident, which would later become known as the Powder Alarm, prompted the Continental troops to spend the following several months assembling their militia regiments, securing supplies and armaments, and establishing a strong presence in the territory surrounding Boston in preparation for armed confrontation with the British crown . The ominous, months-long anticipation finally materialized on April 19, 1775, into the nascent engagements of the Revolutionary War, with first shots fired in Lexington, and later that day in Concord where around 500 minutemen outgunned a company of British regulars, deployed by Gage under orders to capture and destroy rebel arms stockpiles. The retreating British troops proceeded to suffer heavy casualties on a 21-hour, 40 mile long retreat from Concord to Boston, pursued and repeatedly ambushed by hundreds of militiamen. After finally reaching safety on high ground in Charlestown and getting screened by the long-range cannons of the British gunship, HMS Somerset, anchored at the crossing of Charles River, the British forces were besieged inside Boston . During the subsequent two months leading up to the battle, British re-enforcements were sent at the request of General Gage. On May 25th, a British vessel arrived in Boston with the highly distinguished General-Viscount William Howe, and General-Colonel Henry Clinton; along with the less critically-acclaimed, General John Burgoyne, to assist Gage in planning and executing the efforts of liberating Boston. Strengthened by the re-enforcements and the strategic expertise of three highly decorated generals, Gage formulated a tactical plan to raise the Colonial siege by occupying the hilltops surrounding the city . Boston was situated on a peninsula connected to the Charlestown peninsula in the north, by the isthmus called Charlestown Neck. In the rear of the village of Charlestown, rose Breeds Hill, while farther back was situated a higher elevation known as Bunker Hill . The Continental Army, commanded by General Artemas Ward, was headquartered at Cambridge and stretched halfway around Boston in a rough semi-circle, while the Boston harbor comprised the rest of the city radius and was controlled by the British navy. After hearing intelligence reports of Gage’s impending push to take control of the hills overlooking Charlestown, General Ward deployed General Putnam, who ordered 1,200 men to occupy and fortify Bunker Hill, in order to gain a higher-elevated ground position on the British from which artillery batteries could be installed to shell Boston’s garrison and incoming naval vessels . Colonel William Prescott, leading the company at around midnight to the position, marched past Bunker Hill to Breed’s Hill, despite his orders. Prescott and his officer staff proceeded to order the construction of earthen walls, ditches, and embankments on Breed’s Hill, on advice from his engineer, claiming Breed’s Hill is more easily defensible . At day-break on the 17th of June, the citizens of Boston awakened to broadside cannon-fire by the crew of the 20-gun post-ship, HMS Lively, firing at the daylight-revealed fortifications building project on Breed’s Hill. While the anchored war ships continued pounded the Continental’s construction efforts with heavy cannon fire; Generals Gage, Howe, Clinton, and Burgoyne quickly improvised an assault strategy based on Gage’s preference for a full frontal attack against the militia on Breed’s Hill (Gen. Clinton endorsed an idea of an early attack on the Charlestown Neck, but was outvoted 3 to 1). After six long hours of assembling the major infantry assault force to be led by General Howe, British transport units taxied the 1,500 infantry across the river and disembarked on Charlestown peninsula, only to realize that the number of Continental troops working construction on the hill was underestimated . General Howe sent word to Gage, requesting re-enforcements but simultaneously allowing time for about 200 Continental troops from the 1st and 3rd New Hampshire regiments under Colonels John Stark and James Reed to likewise re-enforce Prescott’s positions. Within a couple of hours, Howe’s requested backup arrived across the river, and the British began a very characteristically-European, disciplined, systematic, and fearless advance onto Breed’s Hill. Brigadier General Robert Pigot, commanding the direct assault formation took heavy fire from snipers and Stark’s 200 newly arrived New Hampshire militiamen. Likewise, General Howe’s left flank regiment absorbed devastating volleys from the elevated positions of Prescott’s Colonial militia, causing both flanks of the British advance to withdraw due to heavy casualties . Determined that the effectiveness and quality of his regulars would nonetheless prevail against the comparatively untrained, ill-equipped, and undisciplined Continentals, Howe and Pigot regrouped with Major Pitcairn commander of the rear reserve guard and marched once again onto the American positions, once again to devastating casualties being inflicted on their light infantry and grenadier companies, sending British bodies rolling to the bottom of the hill in great numbers. Wounded British infantrymen crowded the riverbank, some mobile enough to be ferried back across the river into Boston and others too seriously wounded to do much else but bleed to death on the riverbank. Howe, determined to rally a third wave against the American positions (who themselves were in mild disarray at moments due to an inexperienced officer corp. and amateur soldiers), was joined by General Clinton and around 600 infantrymen, a portion of whom were the rallied wounded whose injuries were manageable. Though taking heavy asualties yet again (even Major Pitcairn, a high-ranking officer, was struck dead by musket fire from a volley), the third push by Howe and Clinton was successful and final, culminating in hand-to-hand, bayonet-equipped, combat in which the British regulars had a clear edge over the Continental militiamen, most of whom lacked melee weapons and turned back . Surprisingly, the American officer orchestration of the retreat was executed very well, considering t he lack of experience, coordination, and cohesion that was displayed during various points of the actual battle itself. The coordinated and gradual withdraw, directed in large part by John Stark and Colonel Prescott, ensured that Breeds Hill was at no point ever surrounded by Howe’s infantry, and allowed for most of the American wounded to be escorted off Breed’s Hill. Despite the nominal outcome of the battle being a defeat for the Continental militia, both the immediate and grand-scheme effects of Bunker (Breed’s) Hill, was of great benefit to the American independence efforts. Generals Ward and Putnam retreated from their constructed strongholds, compromising the siege attempt of Boston. British casualties, however (1054 total, 226 dead), more than doubled that of the Americans (about 450, 140 dead; and only one out of the six cannons brought to the peninsula could be returned) and Gage lost a devastatingly high number of his commissioned officers. Even more significant, the Battle of Bunker Hill proved to be a major boost for the recently assembled Continental army and their leaders. The high casualty count of the British regulars during this Pyrrhic victory, convinced many Americans that it was indeed possible to compete against the British Empire on the battlefield , and encouraged the young nation-in-the-making to pursue their independence. Works Cited 1. Frothingham, Richard.

Whatever Essays - Education Reform, Home, Homework, Free Essays

Whatever Essays - Education Reform, Home, Homework, Free Essays Whatever Overpriced Vehicles for Teenagers New cool cars are too expensive for teenagers to afford. I would like to have a new sports car to drive around but I do not have the money to afford the car. By being in high school I do not have enough time to go and get a job and do the work to make the money to afford the car. There is not enough time in the day for me to go to school then go home, do my homework, and work only about 2 hours after school if I was to have the job. Even if I was to get the car, the insurance on the car would be very expensive because it is a sports car and I am only 17 years old. The prices on new cool cars for teenagers should be lowered because they do not have enough time in the day to do the work to make money and the insurance on the cars are overpriced. There is not enough time in the day for teenagers to work to make the money for the new sports cars. Most teenagers like myself are in school from 8 in the morning until 3:30 in the afternoon. Then I go to football or basketball practice afterward until sometimes 5 or 6 that evening. I then go home and do my homework and after I help clean up around the house. By this time that evening it is already late and close to my bed time so that ill be able to get enough rest and get up to go to school the following day. There is no time in the day for teenagers to get a job and work the hours to make the money to buy the sports car.

Hemingway and McLain, A Critical Study Research Paper

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How do you contribute to the effective governance of an organisation in your role of a management accountant - Essay Example (Colley et al., 2005) Aside from discussing the universally accepted roles and responsibilities of shareholders, board of directors, and the CEO; corporate governance is often used as a policy for business organization in relation with the actual structure of the board, the activism of the shareholders, and overall business performance (Aguilera et al., 2008). As part of our organizational policies and procedures, the board of directors behind the business organization plays a crucial role in the success of corporate governance aside from the increase in the company’s profitability and overall business performance by continuously hiring and firing the company’s top management (Nordberg, 2007; Kim & Nofsinger, 2006: p. 41). In line with strengthening the corporate governance, the company’s executive and non-executive directors are responsible in making important objective business decisions for the best interests of the company (Mallin, 2007: p. 125). The only way for executive and non-executive directors to perform their duty effectively is to have an access to the company’s business information. (Waldo, 1985: p. 5) Therefore, the board of directors are required not only to carefully analyze the corporate financial report but also to meet regularly to discuss the proposed strategic plans and issues that will significantly affect the success of the business (Solomon, 2007: p. 103). Since business’ shareholders are also the owners of the company, these individuals have the authoritative power to manipulate any forms of legal or illegal transactions that will occur in the business (Romano, 1996). For this reason, executive directors are encouraged to take advantage of their rights to look through the company’s official documents. In the process of going through the company’s financial statement, executive shareholders should take note of any signs of unusual business

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Letter of Reflection (letter to Dean (chair of English department)) - Essay Example My persistence with the work and timely completion of assignments made it possible to catch up with the demanding environment of classes. My inquisitive nature won some good friends in the class and extra attention of teacher. Thanks to the broad smiles of my teachers they always welcomed my questions. This would be unfair if I do not refer here Dr Jones whose interesting and attractive styles made impossible things to understand very easily understandable. This was because of his passionate teaching with the help of pictures and interesting stories that I shun my shyness over a short passage of time and became a lively character in the class. At the end of the course I am thankful to the interactive environment that left a lot of creative techniques in me. 2- Exercises on autobiographies gave me a chance of retrospection on my past experiences and to jot them down in a comprehensive and systematic manner. This was again an impressively good manner of rediscovering an author in myself. 3- Literature analysis essays like the one I did on â€Å"Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen† mad it possible for me to understand how to analyze a text, conceptualize the text, relate it with the plot, and comprehend it from author’s point of view. 5- While analyzing drama of Shakespeare - The Merchant of Venice: I have been able to learn the conventions, language, character/plot, tragedy and comedy in a drama. The theater of imagination was the mort important thing that impressed me in this exercise. After having said all above, I would like to submit that my writing skills might have not improved that much had I not been perfectly exposed to a variety of readings on daily basis. The reading habits enriched my ideas on literature and made my ideas more sequential and logical. This habit added volumes of vocabulary into my knowledge that I was never familiar with. I became familiar with the logos in

Product and Process Evaluation of Huxley 3D Printer

Product and Process Evaluation of Huxley 3D Printer Product development for quality Ademola Adewoye Quality engineering, product and process evaluation Huxley 3D Printer Quality Gurus’; coursework Abstrat This article refers to a coursework of product development for quality to which answers are provided for questions as related to product development for quality coursework1. This report is dived into two: part A consists of question and answers for Huxley 3D printer and part B comprising quality gurus’ analyses. Aims To extend the masters’ student’s ability to apply design methodology and assessment techniques associated with quality engineering in broad context of managing the engineering and design process. Objectives The core objectives employed include the following. Teaming to assemble 3D Huxley printer Understanding and evaluating the design defect with comparative analyses Understanding quality, quality development, and quality design fundamentals. exploring the quality gurus philosophers Learning about quality operation and management Scope of the study This article is limited to answers to product development for quality coursework and evaluation of quality gurus; titled quality engineering, product and process evaluation. Significant of the study In context of technical skills, I had learnt new technical skills e.g. assemblage of disassemble machine as one worked upon; the 3D Huxley printer. I also worked with external experienced students in modelling and printing of different parts. The experience and knowledge gained is never quantified hence this study is significant to helping students developing a practical technical skills. Chapter one Part A 1.0 brief introduction A Huxley 3D printer is a robust three dimensional rapid prototyping machine developed by Erik Debruijn and other and named after a biologist Thomas henry Huxley. It is a mechatronic machine consisting of mechanical components such as timing belt, nuts, bolts, bearings, extruder, x, y and z axis frames and electrical component such as electric motor, microprocessor, and converter. This machine is controlled by a firmware and a host software configured to convert a 3D design from any CAD related software into a physical design called rapid prototype printing. This 3D printer are flexible, fast, trendy and easy to use. Chapter two 2.0 Assemble the Huxley 3D printer using the supplier online instruction and once complete demonstrate the machine as a working systems. 2.0 Answer The 3D Huxley printed was assembled by my group and was functionally demonstrated. 3.0 Compare the following aspect of your completed machine with one completed another machine built by your peer groups. Report on what do you observe to be the factors affecting the following; Individual component quality System consistency when compared to other completed ‘Huxley 3D printers’ Ambiguity and opportunity for error in the instruction set 3.0 Answer The following observations were made in comparison with other peer groups in terms of quality. Coupling or assemblage accuracy and orientation are factors that affects the output of the printout in terms of quality as was observed during testing of peer A and peer B machine. One peer machine produce better surface finish than the other observed to be as a result of poor orientation of vertical and horizontal frame parts. The plastic frames were also observed not properly fillet with no allowance which bars performance and quality of printing. Electronic components such as the electric motor positioning was observed not labelled and diagrammatized. Generally, the individual components of the ‘Huxley 3D printer’ was affected by lack of surface finish and inaccurate labelling. The following observations were made in comparison with other peer in term of system consistency All the electric component e.g. electric motor provided the was observed consistent in both peers Major mechanical components such as bearings, x-y-z rods, axis-belt drive, pulley and shaft, provided by supplier was observed consistent. All major frame components Generally, the factors which affects systems consistency are labelling and specifications. Mechanical components parts such as nut were not threaded with precision; Part was observed to be excess. The following was observed a major factors responsible for systems ambiguity and opportunity for error in comparison with other peers. Too many component parts Part dimensional inaccuracy Poor labelling Too many axes Poor surface finish of parts. 4.0 Based on your observations suggest how the quality of the system as well the user experience could be improved. 4.0 Answers Based on my experience gained and observations made during the course of the study I suggest the following for system quality improvement. parts should be simplified to improve design optimisation Nozzle could be modified to lower dimension of 0.3mm or less for high quality surface finish Increase the number of extruder to differentiate support materials from printing material when printing or prototyping complex design. Improve the slice setting Increase speed Accurate parts labelling for easy and better assemblage. Frame rigidity could be supported by other methods of joining e.g. riveting to provide frame structure a solid rigidity. Post treatment (rework) of Huxley 3D printer parts could help to ensuring part are produced to standards e.g. uniform dimensions of frame rods, bolt and nuts. Thermoplastic mini-spool (printing material holder) should be inclusive in design parts to store sufficient amount of filament when the machine in operation. The x-carriage mounted fan should be designed in two parts for effective and speedy cooling of printing parts. An additional nuttraps in substitute of self-tapping screw with metal screw should be used for the carriage for better quality finish. In regards to user experience the expressions below are suggested; More practical sessions should be allocated to students offering this module to facilitate their real know-how technical skills of the subject matter. The assembly of the machine should be individual with group analyses, suggestion and assessment to ensure an independent knowledge transfer. Exhibition, seminar should be held and best student compensated to motivate students to go extra-ordinary. Part B Discus your personal experience for this project making specific reference to ethos captured by the terms; ‘zero defect’ as used by Philip Crosby ‘Fitness for purpose’ as used by Joe Juran ‘constant improvement’ as advocated by Bill Conway Answer The quality guru Philip Cosby defines quality with his four principles of quality management as follows; ‘quality is conformance to requirements, ‘defect prevention is preferable to quality inspection’, ‘quality is measured in monetary terms’ and ‘Zero Defect (ZD) as quality standard’ as main focus as concerned this article. The need of technological advancement and commercialization of 3D printing for all is observed a genuine requirement for 3D development but substandard finished parts, poor labelling and other defects observed during the machine assembly in the course of the practical study was as a results of a ‘no zero defect’. This factor of no zero defect with the Huxley 3D printer can be blamed on management. Perhaps, its worker are not motivated and recognised accordingly toward a personal interest in their job and or lacks production procedures where for every final parts produced requires an inspection to ensuring quality. The lack of ‘no zero defect’ was clearly observed in the bolts and nuts, frame rod, and thermoplastics frame parts. furthermore, since Huxley produces large volume of components part (mass production) they should adopt the principle of ‘zero defect’ primarily focusing on preventive methodology; zero defect’ of its worker towards a constant, cautious, and right attitude of work within its organization to ensuring quality at every level of production. This methodology if adopted will impact great benefits to the company’s general growth, brand recognition and improved their profit maximisation. The American-Romanian quality guru; Joseph Moses an advocator of quality and total quality management defines quality in term of fitness for purpose as ‘evaluation of how well a product perfumes’ for its intended use’. Since the primary function of the Huxley 3D printer is to print 3D designs preconceived from any computer aided design software (CAD) and as observed during the course of the study, it perform this function to satisfactory printing various component parts; simple and complex it can then be established that the fitness for purpose postulated by Joseph Moses is satisfied hence Huxley would need to fine-tune and improve on its current standards for quality with fitness of purpose because â€Å"without standard there is no logical basis for making a decision in taking actions† (Philip 2008) to provide its teaming customers with not just a 3D printing machine but one that can stand global competitive market in quality and functions. Although, it is assumed that Huxley already adopt this methodology in its production and quality management structures but it would do the company more benefit fine-tuning to achieving a more global qualitative product. William Bill Conway advocates for continuous improvement in product development for quality; a concept that put the American ford company into world breaking record in operational effectiveness. Huxley 3D printer was made an open source on the internet to serves as empowering tool for product improvement, the need to train and retrain its staff is another way a strategy to continuous improvement of product for quality. A company growth depends on the ability of its management strengths for a consistent improvement which further translate to efficiency and effectiveness in operations. It is conceived that Huxley Company applied this methodology via internet open source with continuous research as well. In this way, a substantial improvement on the component parts of the worked on Huxley 3D printer has been updated and new model are produced. With maintaining this methodology and exploring other related method constants product improvement can be sustained with enormous benefits. References Roberts, T. (2014): product development for quality EEB_7_877 [lecture note] quality gurus, Huxley 3D printer, LR-313, London South Bank University, 25th March, 2014. Available from http//:www.blackboard.ac.uk Wikipedia article (2014) online [accessed 28th 04, 2014] available from: http:// www.reprapro.com Google image (2014) online [accessed 30th, 2014] available from: http//www.google.com/image google article (2014) online [accessed 4th, 2014] available from: http//www.google.com

Comparing the Film Black Orpheus and the Original Greek Myth Essay

Comparing the Film Black Orpheus and the Original Greek Myth The story of Orpheus and Eurydice is one that has been retold countless times over the years. It started as a Greek myth, later being made into a movie titled Black Orpheus. After reading the myth and watching the movie, it is easy to see that there are far more differences in the two works than similarities. These differences are not only in the way the story is told, but also in the organization of the events that take place and in the description of the characters. The main differences in these two versions of the myth are the role of the characters, the main plot scheme, and the journey into the underworld. The characters in the movie, Black Orpheus, are significantly altered from the Greek myth. In the myth, Orpheus and Eurydice are together from the beginning and are completely in love. Everyone is happy for their love and the only thing that stands in their way is death. In the movie, however, this is notably changed. Orpheus begins as a streetcar conductor that was engaged to Mira, giving the idea that Orpheus was in love with another woman. We quickly see that this is not the case as Orpheus is always very curt and rude with his fiancà ©e. They are slated to get married, but there is an eerie feeling in the air that something is about to go wrong. The main difference with these characters is that in the movie, Orpheus cheats on his fiancà ©e. We soon see that Eurydice is the wildcard when it comes to Orpheus. It does not matter whether or not he is with another woman, she will do what it takes to win Orpheus’s love. This is where one of the main differences occurs. Contrary to the myth, Orpheus cheats on his fiancà ©e and gives his love and affection to Eurydic... ... Orpheus thinks that a trick is being played on him and turns around, causing Eurydice to be lost forever. This leads the viewer to believe that Orpheus was not really in the underworld and that this was just a fake journey into a nonexistent underworld. It seems quite odd that anyone can walk down a spiral staircase and be placed at the gates of Hades. This is the main reason the journey into the underworld appears to be a false one. Overall, the two versions of the story convey the same message, but in very different ways. From the differences in the characters to the plot variances, we can see that the similar messages can be portrayed in a variety of ways. The story of Orpheus and Eurydice is an ancient one that will forever be retold and altered. A prime example of this was shown in the differences between the original myth and that movie of Black Orpheus.